Hannibal (born 247 bce, North Africa—died c. 183–181 bce, Libyssa, Bithynia [near Gebze, Turkey]) was a Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218–201 bce) and who continued to oppose Rome and its satellites until his death. Early lifeHannibal was […]
Menippus (flourished 3rd century bc, b. Gadara [now Umm Qays, Jordan]) was a Greek philosopher who followed the cynic philosophy of Diogenes and who founded a seriocomic literary genre known as Menippean satire. It was imitated by Greek and Latin writers and influenced the development of Latin satire. Menippus was allegedly a slave by birth
Menedemus Of Eretria (born c. 339 bc—died c. 265) was a Greek philosopher who founded the Eretrian school of philosophy. During a military expedition in Megara, he began attending the lectures of Stilpon and later joined the school founded by Phaedo at Elis. He became the leader of the school and transferred it to Eretria,
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Alexius Meinong (born July 17, 1853, Lemberg, Galicia, Austrian Empire [now Lviv, Ukraine]—died Nov. 27, 1920, Graz, Austria) was an Austrian philosopher and psychologist remembered for his contributions to axiology, or theory of values, and for his Gegenstandstheorie, or theory of objects. After studying under the philosophical psychologist Franz Brentano from 1875 to 1878 in
Moses Mendelssohn (born September 26, 1729, Dessau, Anhalt [Germany]—died January 4, 1786, Berlin, Prussia) was a German Jewish philosopher, critic, and Bible translator and commentator who greatly contributed to the efforts of Jews to assimilate to the German bourgeoisie. The son of an impoverished scribe called Menachem Mendel Dessau, he was known in Jewry as
Mencius (born c. 371, ancient state of Zou, China—died c. 289 bce, China) was an early Chinese philosopher whose development of orthodox Confucianism earned him the title “second sage.” Chief among his basic tenets was an emphasis on the obligation of rulers to provide for the common people. The book Mencius records his doings and
Melissus Of Samos (flourished 5th century bc) was a Greek philosopher who was the last significant member of the Eleatic school of philosophy, which adhered to Parmenides’ doctrine of reality as a single, unchanging whole. Although Melissus defended Parmenides, he differed from him in that he held reality to be boundless and of infinite duration