June 2025

Liberalism as a Way of Life by Alexandre Lefebvre

We search for freedom this issue, as Kevin Currie points out the many varieties of liberalism. “That’s because you’re a liberal!” my self-identified ‘progressive’ colleague said to me with slight contempt. We were talking about the importance of the right to conscience even when it means the right to hold noxious – maybe racist or sexist – […]

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Determined by Robert Sapolsky

Philip Badger questions Robert Sapolsky’s determinism. Robert Sapolsky is that rare thing in modern academia, a true polymath. This is evidenced by his multiple and simultaneously held professorships, which range from Anthropology to Neurology, as well as his willingness to stick his nose into what philosophers often consider to be their business. In this case, that

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Transparency and Reflection: A Study of Self-Knowledge and the Nature of Mind

The transparency referred to in the title of Matthew Boyle’s book is Gareth Evans’s highly influential idea that one makes self-ascriptions of belief by directing one’s attention to the relevant worldly facts (Evans, 1980). I answer the question of whether I think it’s going to rain by looking at the sky, not into my soul. The reflection in the

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Freedom as Non-Constraint: Beyond Non-Interference and Non-Domination

This book sets out in some detail an interesting conception of freedom, according to which being unable to do something (or its being difficult to do), and being dominated in something like the republican sense, are two kinds of unfreedom. This is a conception of freedom as ‘non-constraint’ which recognizes a broad range of constraints

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Morality and Revelation in Islamic Thought and Beyond: A New Problem of Evil

Amir Saemi opens the book by presenting a formidable challenge for today’s religious progressives who accept the authority of ancient scriptures but find commands like the following morally objectionable: As for the thief, whether male or female, cut their hands as a penalty for what they have reaped. (Quran 5:38) The adulteress and the adulterer—whip

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Regret

If to err is human, then so too is to regret. At least if we follow Paddy McQueen in his recent book about the nature, normativity, and politics of regret. According to McQueen, regret is, roughly, a painful feeling of self-reproach or self-recrimination for making a “mistake” (21). Like all emotions, regret is more than

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Nyāya Sūtra—On Philosophical Method: Sanskrit Text, Translation, and Commentary

Within ancient and classical Indian literature, sūtra texts are comprised of aphoristic statements that together frame a subject matter and present core tenets. The Nyāya-sūtra (c. 150 ce) presents the philosophy and methods of nyāya, “critical reasoning,” along with a well-developed epistemology and an ontology borrowed mainly from the Vaiśesika school, whose sūtras predate Nyāya’s

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