James Mark Baldwin (born Jan. 12, 1861, Columbia, S.C., U.S.—died Nov. 8, 1934, Paris) was a philosopher and theoretical psychologist who exerted influence on American psychology during its formative period in the 1890s. Concerned with the relation of Darwinian evolution to psychology, he favoured the study of individual differences, stressed the importance of theory for […]
James Mark Baldwin Read More »
Max Black (born Feb. 24, 1909, Baku, Russian Empire [now in Azerbaijan]—died Aug. 27, 1988, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.) was an American Analytical philosopher who was concerned with the nature of clarity and meaning in language. Black studied at the Universities of Cambridge (B.A., 1930), Göttingen (1930–31), and London (Ph.D., 1939). He immigrated to the United
Allan Bloom (born Sept. 14, 1930, Indianapolis, Ind., U.S.—died Oct. 7, 1992, Chicago, Ill.) was an American philosopher and writer best remembered for his provocative best-seller The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students (1987). He was also known for his scholarly volumes of
Edgar Sheffield Brightman (born Sept. 20, 1884, Holbrook, Mass., U.S.—died Feb. 25, 1953, Newton Center, Mass.) was a U.S. philosopher, educator at Wesleyan University and Boston University, and former director of the National Council on Religion in Higher Education. He was noted for his empirical argument for theism based on idealism and consciousness. His writings
Edgar Sheffield Brightman Read More »
Albert Brisbane (born Aug. 22, 1809, Batavia, N.Y., U.S.—died May 1, 1890, Richmond, Va.) was a social reformer who introduced and popularized Fourierism in the United States. Brisbane, the son of wealthy landowners, received his education primarily at the hands of private tutors. At the age of eighteen, he went to Europe in order to
Harry S. Broudy (born July 27, 1905, Filipowa, Poland—died June 24, 1998, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.) was a Polish-born American educational philosopher, best known as a spokesman for the classical realist viewpoint. Broudy immigrated to the United States from Poland as a small boy. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston University (B.A., 1929), and
Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.) is an American academic whose theories of the performative nature of gender and sex have been influential within Francocentric philosophy, cultural theory, queer theory, and some schools of philosophical feminism from the late 20th century. Butler’s father was a dentist and their mother an advocate for
Otto Weininger (born April 3, 1880, Vienna—died Oct. 4, 1903, Vienna) was an Austrian philosopher whose single work, Geschlecht und Charakter (1903; Sex and Character), served as a sourcebook for anti-Semitic propagandists. The son of a prosperous Jewish artisan, Weininger became a Christian the day he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Vienna
Eugen Dühring (born Jan. 12, 1833, Berlin, Prussia [Germany]—died Sept. 21, 1921, Nowawes, Ger.) was a philosopher, political economist, prolific writer, and a leading German adherent of positivism, the philosophical view that positive knowledge is gained through observation of natural phenomena. Dühring practiced law from 1856 to 1859 and lectured on philosophy at the University
Diogenes Of Apollonia (flourished 5th century bc) was a Greek philosopher remembered for his cosmology and for his efforts to synthesize ancient views and new discoveries. It is uncertain whether Diogenes’ birthplace, from which his name is derived, was the Apollonia of Crete or that of Phrygia (in modern Turkey). He lived most of his
Diogenes Of Apollonia Read More »